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SNMP Update P(\Jeff Case Founder and CTO SNMP Research, Inc. +1 865 573 1434 case@snmp.com8] (# /Topics:Introduction Differences between SNMPv1, SNMPv2c, and SNMPv3 Advantages of SNMPv3 over SNMPv1 and SNMPv2c Disadvantages of SNMPv3$=E=El>Topics (Continued):Recent and Ongoing IETF Work Items SNMP-based Configuration Management Policy MIB Module EOS Working Group: Evolution of SNMP SMIng Working Group: Evolution of the Structure of Management Information Distributed Management Working Group (DISMAN) MIB Definitions Z#$#$~m?Topics (Continued):JA brief look at SNMP/MIB vis--vis DMI/MIFs CIM/MOFs COPS/PIBs Conclusions># # b qE`The SNMP-based Internet Standard Management Framework has Evolved: SNMPv1, SNMPv2c, and SNMPv3  M+<SNMP: The Right Architecture, in part, for the Wrong ReasonMultiple competing efforts circa 1987 - early 1988 with duplication of effort slowing progress and discouraging product development and deployment The time of GOSIP Blue-ribbon panel develops direction statement SNMP was to be the  short-term interim standard Protocol independent SMI-based MIB MIB independent SMI-based protocol SMI  glue H*"Protocol Versions: Summary Picture O,<SNMP: The Right Architecture, in part, for the Wrong ReasonrThis architecture which was designed to ease the shortening of the life of SNMP has actually allowed it to age gracefully and to evolve, thereby extending its useful life People have been predicting the demise of SNMP for a decade and it just keeps going and growing while  replacements appear and then disappearP5The SNMP-based Internet-Standard Management FrameworkBased on the Simple Network Management Protocol, but more than merely a protocol for data movement, but a complete framework: 1. A data definition language The Internet-standard Structure of Management Information (SMI) 2. Definitions of management information Instrumentation described in the [Internet-standard] Management Information Base (MIB) 3. Protocol definition The Simple Network Management Protocol~@*\'~@*\'I'3Structure of Management Information (SMI) EvolutionGModular (3 part) specification architecture: 1. A data definition language The Internet-standard Structure of Management Information (SMI) 1st Generation (1988-1991): RFC 1155 2nd Generation (1991-1993): RFC 1212 and 1215 3rd Generation (1993-present): SMIv2 RFCs 2578-2580 4th Generation: SMIng: a new work in progress8LALA,}MAdvantages of SMIv2 over SMIv1After about 1995, all information modules (MIB definitions) should be written in SMIv2 format Benefits: New Data Types Counter64 BITS Table indexing more clear and concise Improved set operations for row create/delete (important for configuration/control) Hh|h|~NAdvantages of SMIv2 over SMIv1Pragmatic Reality Most management stations and applications will load SMIv2 format whereas a few still require SMIv1 format so you need both Information in SMIv2 formatted documents is a superset of the information in an SMIv1 formatted document If you have SMIv2 format, SMIv1 format can be generated automatically by throwing away information and reformatting via an automatic tool If you have SMIv1 format, the tool is vi, emacs, etc plus human input$O7MIB Grammar Versions and Protocol Versions -- DecoupledIn general, there is no need for the version of the protocol to match the version number of the format of a MIB document With few exceptions, can use any MIB object, regardless of the version of the grammar of the MIB document, with any version of the protocol The only noteworthy exception is MIB documents containing MIB objects with a datatype of Counter64 (this datatype is not supported by version 1 of the protocol)Q"Protocol Versions: Summary Picture J(+Management Information Base (MIB) EvolutionModular (3 part) specification architecture: 2. Definitions of management information Standard or non-standard Protocol independent Instrumentation described in the [Internet-standard] Management Information Base (MIB) Has undergone constant revision (mostly expansion) since first defined in 1988 A wide variety of technologies covered by standard MIB definitions and others through vendor-specific extensions&WEWE+Management Information Base (MIB) Evolution In the beginning (1988), there was MIB-I: basic to all managed systems Next (early  90s) came MIB-2: a superset of MIB-I When MIB-2 reached Full Standard status (Mar  91), MIB-I became historic Change in strategy: a distributed approach of multiple committees with differentiated staffing producing many mini-MIB documents Lost benefit of input from almost all current operators and administratorsR.7Management Information Base (MIB) Evolution (Continued)2Many of MIB documents are on the standards track at various levels of standardization maturity and market acceptance/demand Most are adequate for monitoring Many must be supplemented for configuration and control More standardization work needed Enterprise-specific extensions in the absence of standards H|Y]|Y]R7Management Information Base (MIB) Evolution (Continued)Expanded scope of MIB reflective of expanded application of the Internet-Standard Management Framework, the basis for seamless Internet management: traditional network management system management application management service management proxy management of legacy devices 6~~S!MIB Documents: Network ManagementADSL RFC 2662 ATM Multiple AppleTalk RFC 1742 BGPv4 RFC 1657 Bridge RFC 1493 Character Stream RFC 1658 CLNS RFC 1238 DECnet Phase IV RFC 1559 DOCSIS Cable Modem Multiple Z$T-MIB Documents: Network Management (Continued)DS0, DS1/E1, DS3/E3 Interfaces Multiple Entity RFC 2737 FDDI Multiple Frame Relay Multiple IEEE 802.3 Multiple IEEE 802.5 Multiple IEEE 802.12 Multiple Integrated Services Multiple ISDN Multiple")Z6U-MIB Documents: Network Management (Continued)MIB-2 RFC 1213 Modem RFC 1696 PPP Multiple RMON Multiple Routing Multiple RS-232-Like RFC 1659 SNA technology Multiple Sonet/SDH RFC 1595 X.25 technology Multiple"ZV!MIB Documents: Service ManagementJFrame Relay Service RFC 1604 Meter RFC 2720 SMDS SIP RFC 1694 W1MIB Documents: System and Applications ManagementApplication RFC 2564 Diffie-Helman USM Key Management RFC 2786 DISMAN Scheduling RFC 2591 DISMAN Scripting RFC 2592 Domain Name System Multiple Host Resources RFC 2790 Identification RFC 1414 Mail Monitoring RFC 2249 Network Services Monitoring RFC 2788 , X9MIB Documents: System and Applications Management (Cont.)Parallel Printer RFC 1660 Printer RFC 1759 Radius Multiple Relational Database Server RFC 1697 System Application RFC 2287 TN3270 Multiple UPS RFC 1628 WWW Server RFC 2594 X.500 Directory Services Monitoring RFC 2605vJ<The SNMP-based Management Framework Is Not Just For NetworksThe only relatively complete open multi-vendor multi-platform interoperable standards-based management framework for seamless integrated management of networks, systems, applications, and services 6  wKImportance of SeamlessnessSharing: Among cooperating management applications Showing: User interfaces and reports Crunching: Converting data to information and information to data Telling: SNMP-based movement of management data Knowing: SMI-based instrumentationd- :*xLImportance of SeamlessnesspNo single application or set of applications can meet all requirements Sharing is essential Single naming scheme Consistent data definitions Standard information semantics Mapping functions do not work well Every time you convert you lose Example: event correlation for network, system, and application management with point solutions and proprietary database formats\\PZ# \P# "Protocol Versions: Summary Picture uDPEvolution of the SNMP Protocol Portion of Internet-Standard Management Framework8Modular (3 part) specification architecture: 3. Protocol definition MIB independent The Simple Network Management Protocol Protocol operations Transport mappings Security and administration First defined in RFC 1157 (SNMPv1) Separate documents beginning in SNMPv2 Security and administration completed in SNMPv3JE7CzE7CzK)Protocol EvolutionZNew Features of SNMPv2c"Expanded data types: 64-bit counters Improved efficiency and performance: get-bulk operator Confirmed event notifications: inform operator Richer error handling: errors and exceptions Improved sets: especially row creation/deletion Transport independence: IP, Appletalk, IPX, ... Etc.  YNew Features of SNMPv3ENew features inherited from SNMPv2c, plus Security and Administration]-New Features of SNMPv3 Inherited from SNMPv2cThe list we just saw & Expanded data types: 64-bit counters Improved efficiency and performance: get-bulk operator Confirmed event notifications: inform operator Richer error handling: errors and exceptions Improved sets: especially row creation/deletion Transport independence: IP, AppleTalk, IPX, ... Etc. Plus ...6# # [:Features of SNMPv3: Security and Administrative Framework(Security authentication privacy Administration Authorization and view-based access control Logical contexts Naming of entities, identities, and information People and policies Usernames and key management Notification destinations and proxy relationships Remotely configurable via SNMP operationsL ZZ Security Threats and MechanismsThreats protected against by SNMPv3: 1. Masquerade/data origin authentication: interloper assumes the identity of a sender to gain its privileges. 2. Modification of information/data integrity: alteration of in-transit messages. 3. Message stream modification: messages are re-ordered, delayed, or replayed 4. Disclosure/data confidentiality: privileged information is obtained via eavesdropping on messages.&%|%|jSecurity Mechanisms,SNMPv3 uses MD5 and DES as  symmetric, i.e., private key mechanisms (MD5 = Message Digest Algorithm 5, RFC 1321) (DES = Data Encryption Standard)k*SNMPv3 User-based Authentication MechanismBased on: MD5 message digest algorithm in HMAC indirectly provides data origin authentication directly defends against data modification attacks uses private key known by both sender and receiver 16 byte key 128 bit digest (truncated to 96 bits) SHA an optional alternative algorithm Loosely synchronized monotonically increasing time indicator values defends against certain message stream modification attacksZ %j< %j<l#SNMPv3 User-based Privacy MechanismBased on: Symmetric encryption used Data Encryption Standard (DES) Cipher Block Chaining (CBC) mode provides privacy / protection against disclosure uses encryption subject to export and use restrictions in many jurisdictions 16 byte key (8 bytes DES key, 8 byte DES initialization vector) Multiple levels of compliance with respect to DES due to problems associated with international useH Z~ Z~m Secret RulesPNote that both of these mechanisms depend on private keys Secrets must be kept secret No postem notes, no world readable files Initial keys must be loaded out-of-band Note that key management is a requirement for a secure infrastructure because without a standardized key distribution mechanism, proper key hygiene will not be practiced$:: Remote Configuration MIB ModulesEach document in the set of SNMPv3 specifications has appropriate Information Modules which define appropriate MIB instrumentation Includes key management for proper key hygiene User-friendly string-based naming UTF8 for international use\HHTTP and IPSEC are not alternatives because they do only part of the jobThey provide authentication and privacy, but do not help with the other parts of the problem: authorization and view-based access control multiple logical contexts and information naming MIB module for standards-based remote configuration of security parameters including key management notification destinations, etc HTTP over SSL has the additional problem of connection-orientation which rules it out for use in fault managementH^Lr^LrMechanisms: Configurability FCan have: no authentication / no privacy authentication / no privacy authentication / privacy Configured at choice of network administrator with the user deciding how much to  spend on security, selecting the correct level of protection, potentially on a transaction-by-transaction basisH T/ T/g(Mechanisms: Configurability (Continued)Most administrators are expected to use the three securityLevel choices as follows: Monitoring: no authentication / no privacy Control: authentication / no privacy Downloading secrets: authentication / privacy Privacy use may possibly be limited by: Vendor reluctance to ship cryptographic technology Multiple versions, extra paperwork, etc FUD DOTFWHAS: We should not confuse excuses for reasons Usage restrictions in some jurisdictionslT(3a)T(3a)_<Multi-Lingual Implementations for Coexistence and TransitionCannot upgrade all systems at once Some systems will never be upgraded Virtually all products expected to be multi-lingual with simultaneous support for SNMPv1 and SNMPv3, perhaps including SNMPv2c, maybe including Web-based management Old agent, old packet, old rules, old response; New agent, new packet, new rules, new response Modular SNMPv3 architecture allows view-based access control to be applied to any/all of these pathsZAdvantages of SNMPv3So What? Who Cares?=Good Things Operators and Administrators will like in SNMPv3 Able to practice safe sets Configuration / Control / Provisioning No longer mere monitoring Able to augment or replace proprietary CLI over Telnet Via standards-based solutions providing Commercial-grade industrial strength security Authentication and Privacy6IIGood Things Operators and Administrators will like in SNMPv3 (Cont d)>Now able to distribute management out to intelligent agents and mid-level managers Important for scalability Keep local management traffic local Shorter feedback loops with lower latency$ShSh=Good Things Operators and Administrators will like in SNMPv3 View-based Access Control Various groups can have differentiated: levels of access, e.g. staff versus customers access to different information, e.g., customer 1 versus 2 Example: Some groups of users might be allowed: Read-write access to all of the MIB data Read-write access to subsets of the MIB data Read-only access to all of the MIB data Read-only access to subsets of the MIB data All others get no access~(j '(j 'Good Things Operators and Administrators will like in SNMPv3 (Cont d)> Better Notifications: Traps Spray and pray The only option in SNMPv1 Informs Send, wait for acknowledgement Retry count and retry interval Added in SNMPv2c but with problems Problems fixed in SNMPv3 Standard MIB objects to configure Source-side notification suppressionl)zG)zGGood Things Operators and Administrators will like in SNMPv3 (Cont d)>~Source Side Notification Suppression Too many resources spent on uninteresting notification messages, e.g., unwanted traps and informs Notification generation Notification transmission and delivery Notification logging Notification filtering SNMPv3 allows you to use a standard MIB and standards-based tools to turn unwanted notifications off at the source You will really like thisH%bk%bkGood Things Operators and Administrators will like in SNMPv3 (Cont d)>Standards-based applications enabled through standard MIB definitions for ease of administration User names and keys Authorization and access control rights Notification destinations (traps and informs) Also management of SNMPv1 and SNMPv2c parameters such as community strings$aaGood Things Operators and Administrators will like in SNMPv3 (Cont d)>Better performance The Awesome getBulk operator works better with SNMPv3 Less latency and lower overhead through a smaller number of larger packets One to three orders of magnitude faster than SNMPv1 getNext operator (typically two) Negotiates maximum message size correctly Counter64 No need to poll as often New features eliminate need for  gross hacks e.g., logical contexts6Z .6 .,Good Things Operators and Administrators will like in SNMPv3 (Cont d)>fBetter error handling: In a Get Request with 10 items requested and one is unavailable: In SNMPv1, returns in an error with no partial results In SNMPv2/3, results in 9/10 good values and one exception In a Set Request, if something fails: In SNMPv1, results in a  No In SNMPv2/3, results in a  No-because ZAr&DAr&DDisadvantages of SNMPv3Security is expensive More to configure and administer Unlocked doors are more convenient to use Community strings were relatively easy to administer Off-the-shelf tools help More overhead Message headers longer and more complex Cryptographic calculations can increase CPU load approximately 20-ish percent It will run slower, it will run much slower if software-based DES is used, especially if implemented in Java Some machines do not have the hardware assets, but almost all do: NO EXCUSESZ!ZxZZZNZ!xy(IC ('@Disadvantages of SNMPv3 (Cont d)Export and international usage considerations Incomplete product support Some vendors claim customers (i.e., you) don t care about security Agents better than manager stations and applications SNMPv3 code often less mature and shaken outVIC5-IC5,(Conclusion: What is SNMPv3?Newest version of the Internet-standard Management Framework What SNMPv2 should have been - builds on the good Compatible with the SMI and MIB you use now Important enabling technology for configuration and control: adds security and administration for safe sets Security: authentication and privacy Administration: logical contexts, view-based access control, remote configuration Available nowPConclusions about SNMPv3JThere is a lot to like But we are not done yet -- there is more to be donezFlThe SNMP-based Internet Standard Management Framework is Still Evolving: Recent and Ongoing IETF Work Items  G&;The SNMP-based Management Framework is Evolved and EvolvingiNot the same old SNMP your mother used in 1988 Many positive advancements already standardized, implemented, and deployed Some more are nearly done and ready for implementation and deployment: SNMP-based configuration Policy-based Management MIB Provisioning MIB for DiffServ Some standardization work is just getting started: SMIng Evolution of SNMP: SNMP EOS^:Z3#Z:3# W*Recent and Ongoing IETF Work Items: TopicsSNMP-based Configuration Management Policy MIB Module EOS Working Group: Evolution of SNMP SMIng Working Group: Evolution of the Structure of Management Information Distributed Management Working Group (DISMAN) MIB Definitions6$$[[4Significant Market Drivers1Growth and scale Dearth of expert personnel The need for seamlessness The need for security Standards and enabling technology Driver du jour: secure policy-based configuration of policy, e.g., secure policy-based configuration of security policy important to note multiple meanings of security and policy$\5Multiple Meanings of PolicyPolicy-based distribution of configurations (targets selected according to a policy, e.g., every system which run Solaris and an Apache Web server) Policy-based application of configuration rules within a system (targets selected according to roles), e.g., for each interface on a switch, apply configuration A on every backbone interface and configuration B on all other interfaces Configuration of policy, e.g., QoS policy or Security policy{H#SNMP-based Configuration Management4IETF SNMPCONF Working Group Goals Show best practices regarding how to do it Deliverable: BCP document Make it easier to do it Deliverable: Policy MIB Module Provide a worked out example while addressing pressing immediate needs DOTFWHAS: One example is worth two books Provisioning of DiffServ QoS Policy~"+ GN"+ GN! 5SNMP-based Configuration Management Policy MIB ModuleBChallenges Configure multiple parameters with many instances while, to the extent possible, being Vendor independent (unlike CLI) Technology independent (ATM versus DiffServ) Instance independent (at a higher level of abstraction) Integration of configuration management with fault management, performance monitoring, etcH W\ W\5SNMP-based Configuration Management Policy MIB ModuleThe PM MIB uses structured scripts to do policy-based configuration of standard and vendor-specific MIB objects A policy in the PM MIB is a pairing of a filter rule and an action (simple or complex) The filter rule selects the applicable elements, i.e., if (an element has certain characteristics) then (apply operation to that element) Alternately: if (policyFilter) then (policyAction)Hg3C-g3>C-   PolicyScript Language  The script language will look familiar to you if you use C, Perl, C++, Tcl, Python, or Javascript A simple subset No pointers, structures, typed variables, objects, classes, etc. Does contain expressions, variables, looping 6rnrn>< The Policy-Based Management MIBxPM MIB Policies can be applied to any type of manageable element Interfaces Circuits Queues Processes Software others...$A8A8A Conceptual Policy A Conceptual Policy  PM MIB GoalsLeverage existing infrastructure, tools, and MIBs Resulting simplicity will accelerate time to market Don t start from scratch in our data models Flexibility for real-world policy Simple or complex filters and simple or complex actions Do not underestimate the power of configuring by reference versus by value: Consider 5 configuration parameters for 500 interfaces is 2,500 operations. If these are common, then a single SET PDU could change them all simultaneouslyn2`"8L2`"8L,- policyFilter PseudoCodePseudocode: (is an ethernet AND is operational AND gets gold or silver service) Scripted As: ((getvar( ifType.$* )== ethernet-csmacd) && (getvar( ifOperStatus.$* ) == up) && (roleMatch("gold )||roleMatch("silver")))XZ $C $~   F   Execution ExamplexFilter: ((getvar( ifType.$* )== ethernet-csmacd) && (getvar( ifOperStatus.$* ) == up) && (roleMatch("gold )||roleMatch("silver"))) Action: setvar( ifAdminStatus.$* , down(2),Integer)n2ZVZP- $,   Features of PM MIB6Scripting Very flexible and understandable way to express policy IT Personnel like the power of scripting Much more flexible than string matching Policies based on operational status Capabilities, status of interface, utilization, etc. Allows much more rich sets of policies than using human-input strings Scheduling Business calendars:  M-F 9-5 or  Last Friday of every month Videoconference from 12PM to 1PMx ZZ%Z{Z Z_Z %{ _ Features of PM MIBFConflict resolution Uses a precedence tree to find best policy in conflicts Error Recovery Helps meet service level goals by having backup policies on managed systems Policies have precedence - pmPolicyPrecedence Notifications if a policy encounters errors Operational aspects: Ability to test a policy Ability to disable a policy on an element so operator can take back control ( limp-home mode ) until policy is fixedZ8ZZLZZZ8LZ&[g  ASNMP-based Configuration Management Benefits of the PM MIB ModuleBConfiguration tied to fault and performance: Interface fails that has been configured with DiffServ or IPSec Statistics can be collected based on configuration - can selectively optimize data collection Built with existing infrastructure and tools Leverages existing MIBs A complete package, including operational aspects 6-x-xxZ     F    ?2 BSNMP-based Configuration Management Benefits of the PM MIB ModuleYou will like how the Policy MIB module works to configure DiffServ via the DiffServ MIB and DiffServ Provisioning MIB Modules The same approach can and will be used with other areas of configuration such as The secure policy-based configuration of security policy Routing etc. 6FF>:   (Evolution of SNMP IETF EOS Working Group]The SNMP Protocol portion of the Internet Standard Framework is in its 2nd generation The EOS Working Group is chartered to develop and propose a 3rd generation Performance enhancements under consideration / development Efficiency through OID suppression and compression Enhanced table manipulation Improved row operations Support for new data types$OEvolution of the Structure of Management Information: IETF SMIng Working Group<bThe SMIng Working Group is developing a new proposal for a next generation data definition language Currently compiling and winnowing requirements Motivated to have a single protocol-independent data definition language to eliminate wasteful duplication between MIBs and PIBs Realistic requirements that can be supported by the SNMP and COPS-PR protocols>POEvolution of the Structure of Management Information: IETF SMIng Working Group<CBest hits album of SMIv2 and SPPI, plus (still being decided): General cleanup / housekeeping Additional data types Signed and unsigned 64 bit integers Floating point: Float32, Float64, and Float128 (# of bits) Unions and discriminated unions Arrays Aggregate data types New C-like grammar / syntax Language extensibility l?5?5OEvolution of the Structure of Management Information: IETF SMIng Working Group<D& Object Oriented Design Features Classes Inheritance Containment Methods Procedures Constraints: existence constraints, attribute transaction constraints, attribute value constraints, method constraints Associations and association cardinalities Not all of the proposals will make the cutH + +1Distributed Management: IETF DISMAN Working Group@With security, it is possible to have intelligent agents or mid-level managers doing distributed management Intelligent requires configuration Configuration requires security or Security enables configuration Configuration enables intelligent Multiple proprietary MIB modules for years IETF DISMAN adding standardization6lNlN1Distributed Management: IETF DISMAN Working Group3IETF DISMAN chartered to define MIB specs for distributed network management applications Remotely configured as an SNMP agent, acts as a distributed SNMP manager application Off-load polling, keeping local polling local Proximity yielding lower latency and shorter feedback loops Important for scalability 1Distributed Management: IETF DISMAN Working GroupaPublished Work Products Schedule MIB (RFC 2591): Time driven execution Script MIB: (RFC 2592): Movement of scripts, not standardizing language Remote Operations MIB: (RFC 2925): ping, traceroute, DNS lookup Event MIB (RFC 2981): actions based upon threshholds Notification Log MIB (RFC 3014) Works in progress Alarm MIB, ITU Alarm MIB, SNMP Alarms d&%, 7 ZMIB Definitions*Multiple Standards-track Specifications WWW MIB Application MIB System Application MIB Network Services Monitoring MIB Host Resources MIB You can use these to monitor your and your customers mission-critical servers and services running on open systems DNS Web, e-commerce etcZ(ZbZtZZ(btMIB DefinitionsUse of a single paradigm allows integrated and correlated data and operations Addresses frustration of multiple, independent, incompatible databases Z|I Conclusions U0;Conclusions: The SNMP-based Management Framework is SturdyOriginally  the short-term interim standard According to the pundits, has been on its last legs since 1988 To be eclipsed by a succession of replacements SNMP-based management is still growing expanding scope evolving While  replacements come and goZm/!!m/!!V1What ever happened to?e9What ever happened to?f:What ever happened to?h; Conclusions:The Internet-Standard Management Framework based on SNMP is Evolved Not just for networks Secure Sturdy But there is much more work to be done Additional standards work Better applications Implementation DeploymentH<,'H<,'Hj= Conclusions:SNMP-based management is far from perfect, but it continues to be the best game in town The architecture and vision are fine We need to execute to completion You do not yet get to live that vision, in part because the vendors are not supplying complete and compliant products  Conclusions:@The vendors are not fully implementing and supplying products based on that vision, in part because you are not insisting that they do so Some vendors claim they see little market demand for secure management There is an alternative to scripts and proprietary CLI over Telnet: the Internet Standard Management Framework6GpGp^Questions / Comments Thank you for your participation/ALNPno !")+,-./01P  ` ̙33` ` ff3333f` 333MMM` f` f` 3>?" dd '?uKd@lP nK@`p n?" dd@   @@``@n?" dd@  @@``PR    @ ` `p>>  W(    C hAPD:\apresent3\nanog_5_2001\nanoglogo.gif0    `&xxaxa1 ?} x FBook Antiqua Title 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Oh+'0R L \h    2Standardization Status of SNMP- Related Documentst tan Jeff Caseateffeff8C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\Templates\interop.potSNMPogr62PMicrosoft PowerPoint 4.0t O@@0@0=Fa4@0y!BGPoM  R('& &&#TNPP0D x & TNPP &&TNPP     'A x(xKʦ """)))UUUMMMBBB999|PP3f3333f333ff3fffff3f3f̙f3333f3333333333f3333333f3f33ff3f3f3f3333f3333333f3̙33333f333ff3ffffff3f33f3ff3f3f3ffff3fffffffff3fffffff3f̙ffff3ff333f3ff33fff33f3ff̙3f3f3333f333ff3fffff̙̙3̙f̙̙̙3f̙3f3f3333f333ff3fffff3f3f̙3ffffffffff!___wwwmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm݋ϴϻ񮵴ݮݑ¼ݑݼ⼴޼¼޼݊oooooioiooooooݼ@o@@@FF@㔔@@@@i@@@@@@F@@@@@@F@F@@@¼¼⼼¼@iF@i@@@@@@@@@F@@@F@@io@@@i@¼@ii@i@ii@@Fc@@@F@@o@o@i@ @@@o@@@F@FF@F@@@i@o@@o@F@@@@@Fo@i@i@@@@oi o@@@@@@F@ݮ݋ݵ@@@@iF@@F@@io@F@@@@@@Fo@@@@@@@ݻݼݼ⦵⓽񓼽ýⵦeݼݮަݦݴݴ¦⼦݋ݦݻݵݻݻ݋--&TNPP &՜.+,D՜.+,   On-screen Show.'l^1 dTimes New Roman Book Antiqua Wingdings Courier New interop.potMicrosoft Word Document SNMP UpdateTopics:Topics (Continued):Topics (Continued):aThe SNMP-based Internet Standard Management Framework has Evolved: SNMPv1, SNMPv2c, and SNMPv3 =SNMP: The Right Architecture, in part, for the Wrong Reason#Protocol Versions: Summary Picture=SNMP: The Right Architecture, in part, for the Wrong Reason6The SNMP-based Internet-Standard Management Framework4Structure of Management Information (SMI) EvolutionAdvantages of SMIv2 over SMIv1Advantages of SMIv2 over SMIv18MIB Grammar Versions and Protocol Versions -- Decoupled#Protocol Versions: Summary Picture,Management Information Base (MIB) Evolution,Management Information Base (MIB) Evolution8Management Information Base (MIB) Evolution (Continued)8Management Information Base (MIB) Evolution (Continued)"MIB Documents: Network Management.MIB Documents: Network Management (Continued).MIB Documents: Network Management (Continued)"MIB Documents: Service Management2MIB Documents: System and Applications Management:MIB Documents: System and Applications Management (Cont.)=The SNMP-based Management Framework Is Not Just For NetworksImportance of SeamlessnessImportance of Seamlessness#Protocol Versions: Summary PictureQEvolution of the SNMP Protocol Portion of Internet-Standard Management FrameworkProtocol EvolutionNew Features of SNMPv2cNew Features of SNMPv3.New Features of SNMPv3 Inherited from SNMPv2c;Features of SNMPv3: Security and Administrative Framework Security Threats and MechanismsSecurity Mechanisms+SNMPv3 User-based Authentication Mechanism$SNMPv3 User-based Privacy Mechanism Secret Rules!Remote Configuration MIB ModulesIHTTP and IPSEC are not alternatives because they do only part of the jobMechanisms: Configurability)Mechanisms: Configurability (Continued)=Multi-Lingual Implementations for Coexistence and TransitionAdvantages of SNMPv3>Good Things Operators and Administrators will like in SNMPv3 FGood Things Operators and Administrators will like in SNMPv3 (Contd)>Good Things Operators and Administrators will like in SNMPv3 FGood Things Operators and Administrators will like in SNMPv3 (Contd)FGood Things Operators and Administrators will like in SNMPv3 (Contd)FGood Things Operators and Administrators will like in SNMPv3 (Contd)FGood Things Operators and Administrators will like in SNMPv3 (Contd)FGood Things Operators and Administrators will like in SNMPv3 (Contd)Disadvantages of SNMPv3!Disadvantages of SNMPv3 (Contd)Conclusion: What is SNMPv3?Conclusions about SNMPv3mThe SNMP-based Internet Standard Management Framework is Still Evolving: Recent and Ongoing IETF Work Items <The SNMP-based Management Framework is Evolved and Evolving+Recent and Ongoing IETF Work Items: TopicsSignificant Market DriversMultiple Meanings of Policy$SNMP-based Configuration Management6SNMP-based Configuration Management Policy MIB Module6SNMP-based Configuration Management Policy MIB ModulePolicyScript Language The Policy-Based Management MIBA Conceptual PolicyA Conceptual Policy PM MIB GoalspolicyFilter PseudoCodeExecution ExampleFeatures of PM MIBFeatures of PM MIBBSNMP-based Configuration Management Benefits of the PM MIB ModuleCSNMP-based Configuration Management Benefits of the PM MIB Module)Evolution of SNMP IETF EOS Working GroupPEvolution of the Structure of Management Information: IETF SMIng Working GroupPEvolution of the Structure of Management Information: IETF SMIng Working GroupPEvolution of the Structure of Management Information: IETF SMIng Working Group2Distributed Management: IETF DISMAN Working Group2Distributed Management: IETF DISMAN Working Group2Distributed Management: IETF DISMAN Working GroupMIB DefinitionsMIB Definitions Conclusions<Conclusions: The SNMP-based Management Framework is SturdyWhat ever happened to?What ever happened to?What ever happened to? 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